Cupressus sempervirens L.

Tree: evergreen; erect; 45.7 m maximum height; monoecious. Trunk: 0.95 m maximum diameter. Bark: brown, or grey; furrowed, or smooth – scaly. Crown: dense; columnar to narrowly or widely conical (pyramidal). Branches: ascending, or horizontal. Ultimate branchlets: 0.8–1.5 mm wide; 5–30 mm long; arranged 3-dimensionally; roundish or quadrangular in cross-section.

 

Leaves: only adult leaves on adult plants; scaly. Scale leaves: 0.8–1.5 mm long; 0.5–1.2 mm wide; arranged oppositely; medium – dark green; closely appressed; only one type of leaves (no differentiation in lateral and facial leaves = monomorphic); tip blunt; with inconspicuous or without glands; without white resin; dorsal side rounded; tip curved inwards.

 

Male cones: 2.5–7 mm long; 1.5–2 mm wide; solitary; 12–22 male cone scales; 6–11 male cone scale whorls; oblong; yellow or bright brown. Male cone scales: arranged oppositely; 2–6 pollen sacs per male cone scale.

 

Female cones: 20–35 mm long; 20–30 mm wide; 6–14 cone scales; ovoid, oblong, or globose; cone-like (open after maturity); woody; not disintegrating after maturity; bright, or dark; young cones greenish. Female cone scales: arranged oppositely; inserted on different levels in mature cones; without several small additional cone scales on the female cone; tip blunt; with small dorsal umbo; umbo more or less in the centre. Columella: absent.

 

Seeds: 3–7 mm long; 2–6 mm wide; 64–240 seeds per cone; bright brown – black; 8–22 seeds per female cone scale; flattened; not tubercled; with conspicuous hilum. Seed wings: 0–1 mm wide; 2 (almost) equal wings.

 

Supplement: maturity in the second year; 2 cotyledones; 22 chromosomes (2n). Cultivation: cultivated in Germany; cultivated outdoor in the Ruhr Area (hardiness zone 7); Distribution: Africa: Algeria, Libya; Asia: Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey; Europe: Croatia, Cyprus, France: Corsica; Greece, Italy: Sardinia; Malta, Portugal, Spain: Balearic Islands; Canaries. IUCN Red List: not listed. Synonyms: Cupressus elongata Salisb., Cupressus horizontalis Mill., Cupressus horizontalis Mill. var. pendula hort. ex Endl., Cupressus patula Pers., Cupressus sempervirens L. f. horizontalis (Mill.) Voss, Cupressus sempervirens L. subsp. horizontalis (Mill.) A. Camus, or Cupressus sempervirens L. var. horizontalis (Mill.) Loudon, Cupressus sempervirens L. var. numidica Trab. Common names: Mediterranean Cypress (ENG), Common Cypress (ENG), Italian Cypress (ENG).